The Buddhist No Self Doctrine Philosophy Essay

The Buddhist No Self Doctrine Philosophy Essay The Buddha taught that there were no persisting identity and there are no permanent stable identities. We are just a complex experience streamed through time. We are just short lived, temporal, historical beings in the process of becoming. There is no difference between you and your life: you are your life history. thoughts were the thinker and experiences were the experiencer The Buddha taught Ksanika-vada which is an anti-substantial doctrine that the world is in a continuous flux and is impermanent. There is nothing more than movement and change in the world (Anitya). There are no fixed or permanent, absolute or independent substances. The Buddhist universe is the same as Heraclitus simile of a river as you cant step twice into the same river due to the constant changing of water. The phenomenology of reality, objects, events and self are not what we think they are. They are in fact a temporary interconnected stream of some fundamental elements. This is the Buddhist ontology that everything occurs through causes and effects. All these things we believe to be persisting entities, including self, are just a stream of events. The effect doesnt exist when the cause existed and the cause stops existing when the effect comes to exist. This results in everything in the world having a cause and nothing existing unconditioned. The idea of Atman is the metaphysical self or soul which is everlasting. The Hindu religion uses this idea of the soul thus they adopt the Eternalists view. This is that the soul is immaterial, infinite and immortal so it will continue to exist for ever. Atman has various meaning such as soul, self, being, ego or personality. This is what Buddhism rejects, a persisting and enduring entity in humans. The doctrine of Nairatmya-Vada teaches us that to recognize ourselves as a persisting entity is an illusion. We are actually a phenomenon of human experiences (dharma) so we are temporal being (Ksanika). What we call the self is actually a temporary interconnected stream of thoughts and desires. So why do we believe we have a self and why do we cling onto the idea of a self? The early Buddhist believed individuals were an arrangement is a composition of five aggregates (skandha). None of these phenomena contain an actually sense of self: The body (rupa) Feelings of pleasure and pain (vedana) Sense-based perceptions of objects (vijnana) Conceptual thoughts (samjna) Volitions, inherited dispositions and habits (samskara) To clarify, conceptual thoughts are not the mind but just the thoughts themselves. They are not a substance or an enduring self. Also consciousness is not found in these five aggregates as the Buddha rejected the idea. Rather consciousness is named by the cause. It is dependent on all five and it cant exist without them. For example the eye gives visibility which gives rise to visible consciousness. This is a mental consciousness. Consciousness is always an effect of the aggregates and always in flux. . The self is not actually real as none of these five aggregates show that there is a persisting and enduring identity in humans. What gives rise to individuals feeling of self is just the aggregate of these factors replacing each other. For example, a body touch a red hot poker, this will give rise to a feeling of pain, this will give rise to a thought of pain and the memory of what it felt like. It is a conventional designation for a becoming compound of the five aggregates that gives rise to the feeling that we are selves. Descartes believed that I think therefore I am, whereas the Buddha taught that I am because I think. Therefore Buddhism is an impersonalist teaching showing us that the self doesnt actually exist so we are not what we think we are, we dont matter. Nagasena explains this concept in Question of King Milanda through a conversation between Menader (a king) and Nagasena (a monk). Nagasena asks the king if the axle, wheels, chariot body, flagstaff, yoke, reins or goad-stick is the chariot. Also he asks if all of these are the chariot. All of these were answered negatively. Thus the chariot is not the same as the parts and is not the parts conjointly. He concludes that the word chariot is only a name for the parts in a certain way formation. He applies this to self and postulates that his name is just a construction of his five aggregates but not actually a self: As the various parts, the different adjuncts of a vehicle, form, when united, that which is called a chariot; so, when the five khandas are united in one aggregate, or body, they constitute that which is called a being, a living existence. The Buddhism doctrine of Pratiya- Samutpada, often translated as dependent arising taught that thirst or desires, attachments and commitments are causally related to suffering (duhkha). This is where the Buddha explains the process where enduring world phenomenon arises. Even though cause and events (dharmas) are separate in Buddhism they are still interconnected and this is the same for the continuous cycle of rebirth (samsara). It is just life a flowing river or an ever turning wheel. There is no need for the self, all phenomena, our experiences, substances and events, can be explained by caused and effect. Life is one causal sequence made of Twelve Links of Dependent Origination (nidanas). This shows that no beings exist independent of any other beings. Therefore it describes one enduring identity from birth to death and also reincarnated lives: 1. Ignorance 2. Volitional Actions 3. States of Mind 4. Name and Form 5. Sense Sources 6. Contact 7. Feelings 8. Attachment 9. Grasping 10. Becoming 11. Birth 12. Aging and Death Yet again this process shows us that nothing can exist by itself. This is because the Buddha taught that if something has a dependent origination then it cant be independent: If something is fundamentally dependent then it must be devoid of having a nature that is independent of other phenomena, of existing independently. Anything that is dependently originated must in fact be empty. Everything that we experience is a result of a cause and the nature of them is being dependent. This means that all of our phenomena are empty of having an independent self. To be enlightened is to take away the first link of ignorance and be aware that all our phenomena are empty and once we are aware of this we will become enlightened. This is becoming aware that we arent actually what we think are. Our self or personality is a constitution of feelings and attachments to objects which is what causes our process of becoming. This is the aim of Atman, to escape from this unsatisfaction that the phenomena of the persisting self causes. When we grasp an object we want we may feel happiness but this never last and even if we get an object we want we always crave for more or are scared of losing it. We need to become enlightened that these are not actually real and are only a product of our phenomena. The four noble truths teach us that you can realise your true self and aspire to a higher living. When you understand that ignorance, volitional action, attachment and feeling and grasping are empty then you will let escape the circle of birth, suffering, death and rebirth (samsara) and find peace in nirvana. As we have seen, early Buddhism analysed experience into five aggregates but later schools developed the process of reduction analysis. The Abhidharma, a later reduction analysis text, develops some of the fundamental teaching of the Buddhism. The Abhidharma analyses phenomenon and experiences, reducing them into minute essentials (dharma) by complex lists. This rejects the sustainable self as an independent entity because it is actually a changing construction dependent on complex connection of mental and material components. The Sarvastivada Abhidharma doctrine teaches that only impartite entities truly exist. If atoms make up an object then the object doesnt exist as it is just an aggregate. The impartite entities in phenomenon (dharma) have a permanent identity of their own (svabhava) and exist in the past, present and future. Each dharma has its own essences or intrinsic nature (svalaksana). This idea is Atomism, where the basic constituent ingredients for all mental thoughts an d physical materials are all reducible to this. Yet again this breaks down our habits of attachment as we are just a mass of material elements and just as the Lotus flower will fade and die so will us. As the dharmas which have no cause and effect dont include the self, this must mean that all aspects of our experiences are impermanent and dependent on many causes and effects which arise and pass. This ontology of dharmas shows us that the world we live in is not what we think it is. Hence our attachments, commitments and desires for objects of this world are false: Try to grasp the world and it runs through ones fingers. The Abhidharma lists conditioned realities (samskrta) which are made from temporary fluxes. These phenomena are conditioned: 1. Material phenomena 2. Mind 3. Mental phenomena 4. Elements which are neither material nor mental The mind is conceived as a complex cognitive process consisting of a succession or related momentary mental states. Mental states arise dependent on its cause therefore forming a mental flux. The mind is always rapidly changing, streams of consciousness is made up of streams of awareness. Every moment of cognition relates to a particular object therefore intentionality and consciousness are inseparable. Our phenomenon of consciousness is therefore a stream of immaterial and impersonal events; it is associated with the body in life but will come to exist dependent on another body after the death of the body. This is not a persisting self but an impersonal series of mental events. Our reality is made up of a connection of momentary events. So mind and matter are not substance but events, and mental and material events interact in a flux. The Sautrantika teaching are different from the Abhidharma teachings as it rejections dharma as actual reality. The Abhidharma introduced the idea of permanence in the world through dharmas and the Sautrantika rejects this unconditional reality. This is because the Abhidharma dharmas go against the Buddhist principle of impermanence (anitya). They retain the notion of dharma but eliminate the notion of svabhava. They believe that our basic reality is just flashes of momentary energy (svalakshana). Therefore all things momentary exist only in the minute when they are produced. This is a radicalisation of impermanence as everything is instantaneous and has no duration. All materials are also impermanent as all things decay. Decay needs no external causes as it is a self destruction of the material. So there is only ever a present, there is no past or future as everything is instantaneous. An enduring and persisting self can certainly not exist as there is only momentary existence. Thus consciousness actually is just a flux of momentary flash of energy hence there is no need for a conscious self with a past, present and future. The doctrine of sakaravada teaches us that we are never in contact with the material world but only perceive an aspect based upon the sense organs and sense consciousness: It asserts the mediated character of cognition, the recognition that perception apprehends its object through the mediation of a mark left by the object on consciousness. Therefore reality is not what we think it is as there is a gap between our minds and what is actually occuringf. It is not a self being confronted by a world of objects. It is actually our sense consciousness taking on the form of the sakaravada. Before there was a need for a self for something to be consciously perceived by the senses but in this theory there is no need for this as we are not in direct contact with the world (bahyartha-pratyaks). The Nyaya- Vaisheshika taught that the world had an objective structure, that we are permanent, that there were persisting entities and they were substances. Dignaga, a Buddhist scholar believed that these categories that have been discovered in reality are just imposed by the workings of the mind and dont actually exist in reality. Through the process of our imagination (kalpana) is what we are giving words to. It is our language that imposes structure of reality. The mind groups svalakshana together. So words for generalities, for classes, for types, for qualities and words for individual substances all would seem to have repeatable properties are just our interpretation of the world and not actually real. Our minds are linking together different particulars and imagine them as an enduring and persisting entity. We forget that we are part of a process and talk in terms of us being stable observers not matter or quantum self, however we are not except from processes. Thus the belief of the self is just a word invented by the mind for the different processes in flux. Yogcara, another School of Buddhism, rejects the Sautrantika and Abhidharma idea of there being a reality independent of the mind. These ideas are interconnected and give rise to other ideas whilst being self illuminating. The unenlightened believe they have a self or they are conscious but this actually arises from a stream of conscious self illuminating ideas. This is because these self-conscious ideas may wrongly believe they have a self when actually they are part of a flux. It is the mind-set that makes us have this belief as this establishes how we perceive the world. Even though the world is mind only, the ideas cast themselves as external resulting in the misconstrued belief that we have a self. People dont feel individual because of the external world but because of the certain habitual mind-set they have, their feelings and moods.

Love, Choreography and Passion in The Movie Step Up :: essays research papers

In the summer of 2006, a movie by the name of â€Å"Step Up† came out. This movie soon would change the meaning of the teamwork, dedication and passion. Millions of dedicated fans from different age groups attended â€Å"Step Up† at its opening weekend. The plot plays out that a guy loves to dance, but is not involved in any professional groups. One day he gets into trouble with the law and has to complete his community service hours at an Art School. There he meets a girl and seeks his passion of dancing professionally. Love, choreography and passion are three qualities about the movie which moved and interested me. Tyler comes from a poor foster family who is always in arguments. On the other hand, Nora comes from a high class family whose parents urge her to giving up oh her dreams of dancing and pursuing a career in law. When Tyler takes the blame for the destruction he caused fooling around in the school, he receives community service as a punishment. One day while he is completing his duty, he meets Nora. Sparks fly as she auditions him for the main role in her dance. The love interest in this movie makes it all the much better to watch. Furthermore, the choreography in â€Å"Step Up† makes it so interesting and lively to view. Watching them perform the choreography they have been taught is just so amazing. As the saying goes, ‘Practice makes perfect!’ Throughout this movie, the audience noticed how much of a drive each character has to perform to their absolute fullest. The way the characters move and dance draws the viewer’s attention even more. Lastly, the passion all the characters exude is spectacular. Tyler comes from a beat down home and strives for success after seeing his potential in the world of art. His passion for dance makes him all the better at what he does. With the help of Nora, he is well on his way to victory. While Nora comes from a formal family whose father passed away, her mother thinks she knows what is best for her. However, her father always encouraged her to purse her dreams of dancing. But her mother is very skeptical about this, thinking that she cannot get anywhere with dance alone, when her mother realizes Nora’s passion for dance, she easily gives in and wants what makes Nora happier. Love, Choreography and Passion in The Movie Step Up :: essays research papers In the summer of 2006, a movie by the name of â€Å"Step Up† came out. This movie soon would change the meaning of the teamwork, dedication and passion. Millions of dedicated fans from different age groups attended â€Å"Step Up† at its opening weekend. The plot plays out that a guy loves to dance, but is not involved in any professional groups. One day he gets into trouble with the law and has to complete his community service hours at an Art School. There he meets a girl and seeks his passion of dancing professionally. Love, choreography and passion are three qualities about the movie which moved and interested me. Tyler comes from a poor foster family who is always in arguments. On the other hand, Nora comes from a high class family whose parents urge her to giving up oh her dreams of dancing and pursuing a career in law. When Tyler takes the blame for the destruction he caused fooling around in the school, he receives community service as a punishment. One day while he is completing his duty, he meets Nora. Sparks fly as she auditions him for the main role in her dance. The love interest in this movie makes it all the much better to watch. Furthermore, the choreography in â€Å"Step Up† makes it so interesting and lively to view. Watching them perform the choreography they have been taught is just so amazing. As the saying goes, ‘Practice makes perfect!’ Throughout this movie, the audience noticed how much of a drive each character has to perform to their absolute fullest. The way the characters move and dance draws the viewer’s attention even more. Lastly, the passion all the characters exude is spectacular. Tyler comes from a beat down home and strives for success after seeing his potential in the world of art. His passion for dance makes him all the better at what he does. With the help of Nora, he is well on his way to victory. While Nora comes from a formal family whose father passed away, her mother thinks she knows what is best for her. However, her father always encouraged her to purse her dreams of dancing. But her mother is very skeptical about this, thinking that she cannot get anywhere with dance alone, when her mother realizes Nora’s passion for dance, she easily gives in and wants what makes Nora happier.

The Clashing of Wills

Conflict between generations is a common them to many novels. In the novel†Bread Givers†, by Anzia Yezierksa, the clashing of wills of two generations is one major theme. We see clashes through culture, generations, community, religion,generations, and many others. The most prominent clash of wills is that of the protagonist Sara with her father Moisha or Reb Smolinsky. Some may say that these two characters clash because of their differences. Others might say that it their similarities that cause the clash between them both. It seems that it is a combination of their similarities and their differences that cause their clash and, in fact, binds them closer than At the beginning of the novel we learn that Sara†s father has nick named her blood and iron recognizing the fact that she has a strong will. It is Sara†s strong will that causes the most of the conflict with her and her father. Sara gets her strong will and drive from her father. She is not like her sisters who follow the cultural expectations of early marriage, but she, instead, has greater ambition for her life. Sara plans to get an education which is not in her fathers plan for her life. Reb wants Sara to marry like her other sisters, and live a â€Å"holy† life according to the Torah. Sara†s will to educate herself, and Reb†s will to have Sara married is what causes the conflict in their relationship. Like Sara†s blood and iron will, Reb also is driven for his daughters to live their life according to the Torah. It is the strong will of these two characters that cause their connection. While Reb is bound to the laws and traditions of the Torah, Sara is bound to the drive to be educated or make herself a better, more successful person. One incident that exemplifies the strong will of both these characters is found at the beginning of the novel. The rent collector for the landlord comes to the apartment to collect rent, but Reb does not have the money. The two argue and Reb finally hits the collector, who is Jewish, and shouts, â€Å"I†ll teach you respect for the Holy Torah† (p. 18). Reb is then taken off to jail for assault. Then Sara decides since none of her sisters are bringing in enough money, that she would go out and make some. She buys a some fish for twenty five cents and then hit the street to sell them for double what she paid. We see by this that Reb has an iron will when in comes to his religion and the Torah, while Sara has a will to make herself a better and successful person. He strives for religious perfection while Sara strives Sara follows the orders of her father until she reaches her breaking point in the unsuccessful business he buys. Sara walks out on her mother and father, leaving behind all connections to her old life. This is her chance to start out in the world to attain her goal. This is a difficult thing for a girl to do in that time and place. She would face many bumps on her road, the greatest being resisting the old world that her family is bound to. While her sisters question her actions, they praise her for getting away from their father. Her sister Bessies says, â€Å"Thank God you had the courage to break away† (p 142). Bessie is praising her for not letting her father marry her off as he did her and his other two daughters. A long time after leaving the home Reb goes to visit Sara in her small apartment. The sight of her father is something she had longed for so she was happy to see him. She thought he would understand her because, as she says, â€Å"He had given up worldly success to drink the wisdom of the Torah† (p. 202). When in fact he came to chastise her for not accepting a marriage proposal. He feels this is her only chance to live a holy life and get into heaven. After her continued refusal and argument with her father Reb responds with, â€Å"I disown you. I curse you. May your name and your memory be blotted out of this earth† (p. 208). Sara had hoped for recognition, and even identification with her sacrifice while her father came only to shun her sacrifice. Her lifestyle, although much like his, was against his religious beliefs. This is a point were we see how the similarities between the two is what is breaking them apart. Sara says to her father, â€Å"All my selfishness is from you† (p. 206). Just like her father, Sara had given up her life to attain success through an education, but it is the education of her father that divides them. Reb sacrificed and educated himself in the Torah that tells him that a women is to be in the home. Sara is also sacrificing but, to her father, her sacrifice in sacrilege to their religion. Sara has an overwhelming will to educate herself in order to make herself a person. She sacrifices just about everything in her life in order to attain her goal of becoming a school teacher. She is willing to live alone, work and starve herself nearly to death, and give up all things other girls her age covet like going out on dates or wearing make-up. She address the sacrifice she makes within herself to her college dean, Sara says, â€Å"Why is it that when a nobody wants to get to be somebody she†s got to make herself terribly hard, when people like you who are born high up can keep all their kind feelings and get along so naturally well with everybody?†, (p. 231). Sara know that she had to become somebody else in order to attain her goal. She sees that she has to become â€Å"hard† in order to be a success. We see also in Reb a sacrifice. He has to sacrifice a life of frivolous living. He has dedicated himself to his religion, as Sara has dedicated herself to education. He acknowledges the fact that he has an obligation to live a model life. Some may say he was selfish in his dedication. This selfishness may be true but it was a selfishness that took a lot of dedication. Most could never live their lives to the letter of any law. Reb lived his life as a living example of what the Torah intended life to be. Whether we agree with it or not, his dedication is to be commended. We see that Sara and her father share many traits. They are both selfish to the cause of their own education. They both hold an intense dedication to what they set their minds to. So much so that it exceeds their need for anything else. They also have an intense connection to the tools of their dedication, in other words, their books. After Sara turns down a suitor she says, â€Å"I seized my books and hugged them to my breast as thought they were living things.† (p. 201). Reb also shows his connection to his books in dedicating a room in the small apartment just for them. Imagine, this family is crammed into a tiny apartment without room for light even, and he dedicates a room entirely to his books. We see that they both have a connection to learning that is stronger than any other. We see that the greatest divide in Sara and Reb†s relation as a reflection of the expected gender roles. Reb†s religious belief says that a women†s place is in the home and that being unmarried is sinful. A complete women to Reb is a married one while to Sara a complete women is an educated on. Reb wanted Sara married over anything else, while Sara wanted her education over anything else. They both had their own best interest at hear. Reb wanted his daughter to marry to secure a place in heaven, and Sara wanted an education to secure her place in the world. It is towards the end of the novel that we see how Sara and her father are so closely related. It is maybe at this time that Sara sees the connection as well. She comes to see how her father, like herself, had to make himself hard in order to obtain his goal of religious perfection. She says of her father, â€Å"In a world where all is changed, he alone remained unchanged-as tragically isolated as the rocks† (p. 296). She now sees how her father had to isolate and make himself hard in order to be the man he is. Sara sees that through education she is a person, and now sees that for her father to be a person he had to be the religious person. They say that opposites attract and we must, therefore, assume that likes repel. I think this is what we see with Sara and her father. They are essentially the same yet there outlook on life is different. They share a similar drive it is just their ideals that are different. Sara acknowledges that her connection would be there for the rest of their lives in the last passage of the book. She says, â€Å"I felt the shadow still there over me. It wasn†t just my father, but the generations who made my father whose weight was still upon me† (p. 297). Sara realizes that she is who she is because of her father, and he is the way he is because those who came before him. It is the burden we all bare with our families. We argue because we are so connected, and are essentially cut from the same cloth. Maybe this is why similar poles repel, it is because we see in our reflection what we don†t like in the reflection.

Issues Of Early American Settlement Essay - 1157 Words

In the early settlement of America, disease and forced labor played a significant role. In the Spanish colonies from Florida and Southward, smallpox took an enormous toll on the conquerors and the native peoples. The so-called â€Å"black legend† regarding the Spanish and Portuguese was actually somewhat true, but also somewhat misleading. The concept held that â€Å"the conquerors merely butchered or tortured the Indians (‘killing for Christ’), stole their gold, infected them with smallpox, and left little but misery behind.† (Kennedy, p. 23) All of this was actually true – but that wasn’t all the conquerors did, and is therefore the error of the â€Å"black legend†. The Spanish and Portuguese conquerors built an enormous empire that spanned two†¦show more content†¦The New England colonies came into being by way of the Puritans in the 17th century – indirectly by way of the Protestant Reformation, and the subsequ ent break of the United Kingdom with the Catholic Church. A group of Puritans called the Separatists from Holland boarded the Mayflower headed for America by way of the Virginia Company of England, only to have missed their destination. They arrived off the coast of New England in 1620. (Kennedy p. 44) The climate was so inhospitably cold, that less than half of the surviving crew of the Mayflower actually survived the first winter. New England then began to become populated with Dutch and English settlers. â€Å"Whereas English immigration to the Chesapeake was spread over nearly a century, most English voyagers to New England arrived within a single decade.† (Kennedy, p. 51) The Dutch funneled into New Amsterdam, which became New York after England won a battle with the Dutch. It was the Dutch who purchased Manhattan Island from the Indians for trinkets. Pennsylvania was created with a Quaker religious ideology by a land grant inherited by William Penn. Each region seems to have its own unique distinction during this period. 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Hamlet by William Shakespeare - 1456 Words

The play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, takes place in a time where the impossible was a part of the lives of everyday people. Occurrences that people in the modern time would believe unbelievable. Yet, with just a quill and parchment Shakespeare’s is able to connect the past and present by weaving a plot with skill that is still unparalleled to this day. The play Hamlet this exceeds this expectation by revealing depth of Hamlets, the protagonists, character personality through the use of imagery and symbols. First Shakespeare uses decay and corruption as one of the many types of imagery used in the play. Secondly he uses the idea of appearance vs reality frequently throughout the play as both symbolism and imagery. Thirdly he uses the representation of people who have passed on as symbols. To sum it up Shakespeare uses decay/corruption, appearance vs. reality and the deceased to illustrate that Hamlets character has depth be revealing significant aspects of it. Decay and corruption is used in the play as a tool demonstrates various aspects of Hamlets character. It is used when referring to the garden, to poison and to death. Over all the use of this imagery demonstrates how pessimistic he is. One thing Hamlet talks about is a garden in the castle as a representation of his beliefs on marriage. He states â€Å"tis an unweeded garden that grows to seed, things rank and gross in nature.†(I, II, 37) This illustrates that he is in disbelief that theShow MoreRelatedHamlet, By William Shakespeare880 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is praised as the pioneering English poet and playwright whose collection of theatrical works is regarded as the greatest artistic value throughout the history of English literature. Shakespeare delved into the spiritual and mental component of humanity and the consequences that arise from this human spirit when it is disputed. The most famous revenge tragedy play, Hamlet, is an excellent illustration of Shakespeare’s philosophical study of human nature. In Hamlet, the arguableRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, author of Hamlet, was a well-known author in the 1500s and is still popular today. He was born on April 24, 1564 in London, England. Although there were no birth records at that time, it shows he was baptized one year prior to that, which leads us to be lieve his birthday was in 1564 because children were normally baptized a year after their birth. Shakespeare’s writing style was very different than others at that time. He used many metaphors and rhetorical phrases, and most ofRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, written by William Shakespeare, with out a doubt holds the most famous soliloquy in English history spoken by Hamlet in Act III, scene i, lines 57-90. This soliloquy holds much importance to the play as a whole because it ties together the reoccurring themes of suicide and Hamlet’s inaction portrayed by Shakespeare. Hamlet poses a problem, which is the driving force of the play: â€Å"To be or not to be?†(III.i.57). Shakespeare uses this logical question asked by Hamlet to drive out his underlyingRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pages In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, the protagonist suffers from struggles with major characters, especially with the women in his life. While reading the play Hamlet, Hamlet appears to be a disillusioned man. Throughout the play, Shakespeare has only casted two females: Gertrude and Ophelia. Gertrude is defined to be incestuous, naà ¯ve and cold-hearted. On the other side, Ophelia is characterized to be ignorant, innocent and fearful. After the quick marriage of his mother and evil uncle, Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1308 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet is arguably one of the greatest tragedies in all of literature and when most people think of tragic plays, they think of none other than the one who wrote it, William Shakespeare. This classic story of revenge excites it’s readers with its main character, Prince Hamlet, who goes through the unique human-like process of revenge that is often overlooked. Many other stories rely heavily on the logi c of good people doing good things and bad people doing bad things just for the sake of their natureRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet by William Shakespeare explores many aspects of mankind--death, betrayal, love, and mourning. Out of these, the most prominent theme in this play is death in the form of suicide. 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ConsequentlyRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1920 Words   |  8 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the character Hamlet must deal with both external and internal conflict. Hamlet encounters many struggles and has trouble finding a way to deal with them. With so many corrupt people in his life, Hamlet feels as if there is no one that he can trust and begins to isolate hi mself from others. A result from this isolation leads Hamlet to become melancholy. Hamlet struggles with suicidal thoughts, wants to kill King Claudius, and is distraught over his mother’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare846 Words   |  4 Pagesalways been a contemplative topic. In Hamlet, the main character Hamlet thinks to himself about suicide. Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet between 1599 and 1602. William Shakespeare is one of the greatest playwrights in history. 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Applying the Results and Conclusion of the Research...

Applying the Results and Conclusion of the Research Process to Problems in Health Care Jerusha Palmer University of Phoenix –HCS 465 Research Utilization Dr. Joe Clift October 1, 2012 Applying the Results and Conclusion of the Research Process to Problems in Health Care Data collection procedures are appropriate and very important for this study because it is the procedures that will be used based on the type of survey that was taken also based on the age group surveyed for pertinent information involving the research process. The appropriateness of the data collection procedures is based upon the eating habits of the children; the survey demonstrates that the children with poor eating habits are the children who also suffer†¦show more content†¦The tools that are used to conduct this research can be cross referenced, documented and dated. Data analysis procedures are appropriate because the information reported was gathered in an unbiased survey where raw data was analyzed; the research study is also appropriate because it aids in demonstrating health conditions and permits for the study of the data (Murphy, 2007). Out of the 10,000 children observed du ring the research study, the statistics demonstrates that children with poor diet and exercise are prone to suffer from childhood obesity and other health related conditions associated with overweight issues. The hypothesis is based upon the research data collected by the statistical information that proves children who eat healthy and get proper exercise are less likely to suffer from childhood obesity and other related health problems The key distinction between quantitative and qualitative research data in a nutshell is that quantitative research produces measurements and numerical results; quantitative research develops information or numerical data that can be translated into numbers and convey statistical conclusions while qualitative research generates non-numerical data; qualitative generates hypothesis or questions and are normally in the beginning of the research (Murphy, 2007). The findings of the study conducted shows that a correlation exist between healthy diets and t he subsequent weight loss in obeseShow MoreRelatedHcs 465 (Health Care Research Utilization) Entire Class Assignme6475 Words   |  26 PagesHCS 465 (Health Care Research Utilization) Entire Class Assignme Purchase here http://chosecourses.com/hcs-465-health-care-research-utilization-entire-class-assignme Product Description HCS 465 Week 1, Individual Assignment, Annotated Bibliography Individual Assignment: Literature Review in Research: An Annotated Bibliography †¢ Resource: Literature Review in Research: An Annotated Bibliography Grading Criteria. †¢ Go to the Center for Writing Excellence. †¢ Read MoreNursing Theory Grid1718 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Nursing Theorist Grid 1. Theorist Selected: Ida Orlando Description of key points of the theory: Orlandos Deliberative Nursing Process has a framework that consists of five concepts. 1. Professional Nursing Function is the organizing principle- The patient is the focal point in nursing. The nurse must find out and meet the immediate need the patient. 2. Patients presenting behavior- problematic situation. When the patients equilibrium is offsetRead MoreOverview of Borrowed Theory Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor of Psychology. He specialized in, â€Å"emotion theory and research, health psychology or behavioural medicine, personality and social psychology, research clinical psychology, stress and coping theory† (Lazarus, Richard S., 2002). Several influences from Lazarus span from research, to checklists to projects that all relate to stress. He worked with several others during the research phase of his career. For instance, â€Å"†¦he did research on autonomic discrimination without awareness (which McClearyRead MoreAn Examination Of The Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection878 Words   |  4 Pagescommonly acquired infections in US, (Saint, et al. 2016). 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Evaluating a Journal Article on Marketing for Kuwait Airways

Question: Discuss about theEvaluating a Journal Article on Marketing for Kuwait Airways. Answer: Introduction Evaluation of a marketing journal article involves studying and understanding referred topic and content of the given article to critically outline and examine the main marketing issues addressed. Evaluate the marketing issues identified from the given article with other relating articles to give a clear preference of a specific referred market. As a result, in this assignment the first role is to read and understand the marketing content of Kuwait Airways, identify two other marketing related articles to give basis of marketing issues evaluation identified in the first article (Al-Fadly, 2016). Carry out a research on Omani market which is the market of preference in this case to enhance understanding of the market structure. Application of the evaluated marketing issues from the three articles to the chosen specific market which is Omani market incorporating both Omani Air and Salam Air. Recommendation and conclusion will give a summary of a desired strength and identified weakness from the first article and give a probable solution to rectifying the weakness and whether further research is important. Body Summary of the article on marketing strategies Research carried out by Kuwait Airways department on establishment and execution of e-business marketing strategies had an objective of identifying how they enhance business operations within the organization. A case study on Kuwait Airways Company (KAC) and Jazeera Airways Company (JAC) was adopted as the basis of their research. The research was enhanced on the basis of marketing as a crucial factor of enhancing business growth of the organization. The main finding was that technology is key in enhancing good communication means as an effective tool of e-business marketing strategy. Both Kuwait and Jazeera have e-marketing strategies but have recorded different levels of success as a result of different application of marketing aspects. Some of the marketing aspects enhanced in the article are discussed below. Online marketing. Kuwait and Jazeera have enhanced online marketing of their travel services. Application of internet marketing software to enhance online booking services for travel packages to their esteemed customers. Customer relationship management (CRM). Both Kuwait and Jazeera airways have website portals that are important in lending services to their esteemed customers. With a technological media platform where customers can make enquiries or even make calls to the companies. Branding. Use of technology in enhancing market of the airways services has been examined. Direct online marketing has enhanced promotion of their services to the customers. Website designing also creates an image of a ready market to be utilized. Marketing mix and customers loyalty. This refers to activities involved from creation of a service or product until it reaches the consumer. The type of product quality, pricing value and means of issue affects the level of consumers loyalty to the company. Me ans of services delivery and evaluation by both Kuwait and Jazeera to reaching their customers affects the rate of its demand and acceptance by the target market. Jazeera has a higher number of customers than Kuwait as a result of improved marketing mix strategies. Competition. This refers to the act of competing between two or more entities in a business setting. Kuwait is facing stiff competition from Jazeera in terms of business productivity. Evaluation of Kuwait Airways case study article with two other peer reviewed marketing articles Marketing is a business management process set from the manufacture of a product or service till it gets to the consumer who is believed to be the last user. Other relating marketing articles are, a review of Hijab Industry a case study on mediating effect of customers satisfaction. The case study on Hijab industry is enhanced by the marketing mix activities enhanced to ensure customers satisfaction. The arguments in this article are that, if the customers needs and requirements are catered for, he or she is likely to be loyal to the company and vice versa. Another review article to enhance is one on Alibabas online marketing strategies (Li Yazdanifard, 2014). The article analyses Alibaba online business as one that has developed due to careful establishment, adoption and implementation of the increasing technological advancing factors positively in to the organizations marketing business activities. Evaluation of the three marketing issues to relating to identified marketing issues are as follows; Online marketing. Selling of goods and services through internet is a current trend that is growing more and more each day. Kuwait Airways and Jazeera Airways as transport companies have enhanced the use of online marketing on more expounded basis to enhance service provision to their customers. A well-developed travel package services is enhanced to ensure that all customers needs are catered for. Though recording different performances, online marketing for the two companies have linked a big advantage to reaching their customers. Hijab industry marketing platform is based on the fact that, products and services provided either online or manually should fit the needs of the target market. Unlike in Kuwait case, online marketing by Hijab should demonstrate good intentions to satisfying customers needs and not just make profit. Alibaba business on the other has strategy that put online business as the main marketing routine as its easy to do business anywhere in the world. Alibaba ar gues that, internet technology is the best marketers can have as it enables them reach out to all consumers. The three articles support online marketing with the aim of ensuring that they reach out to the target market as they provide consumers needs and requirements (Suryana, et al, 2017). Consumers Relations management. These are strategies enhanced by business units to enhance or improve an existing relationship with their customers. Kuwait and Jazeera airways have website portals where they connect with their customers at any time, a social media platform with relevant customer care services where customers can ask questions and give reviews to help improve the services given (Lee and Kotler, 2015). This is important to help increase customer interaction activities important for improving consumers relations management. Self-service routine and free luggage carrier up to a certain amount by Jazeera gives it advantage than Kuwait in attracting the customers. Hijab industry has incentives given to customers like bonuses and free gifts at any time provided the need to reward their customers a rises. Also providing the right products, Hijab works to provide the desires of their customers in terms of new fabrics, designs among others in their market. Alibaba on the other hand has perfect CRM strategies that have been keenly implemented leading to companys higher rank in service delivery as an online business. Example, discounts for certain items on specific days, public relations and direct marketing services to customers. The three articles illustrates that CRM is important in any given business organization to help improve consumers relationship important for development of marketing activities. Branding refers to the activities enhanced to create an appealing image of the company. This can be names given to the company, promotion activities among others. Branding is very important for a company to enhance attraction of the target market as well as the stakeholders. Technology in branding goes together with policy of graphics and design. Kuwait and Jazeera airways brand themselves through their website portal. Graphic designs technique used in enhancing the companies websites has led to increased customer traffic in booking of the companys services. Jazeera Airline has the most attractive website, as a result of use of graphic and design, the companys customer traffic has relatively increased by far much margin than that of Kuwait. This has enhanced an increase in marketing productivity of the Jazeera. Hijab Companys logo website is created in a way that incorporates all the newest designs in the fashion industry and its changed from time to time to remain relevant in the ma rket for consumer attraction (Peterson, 2016). Alibaba just by its name its a unique brand, the name can be easily pronounced and can be written in different languages thus enhancing understanding to the target customers. Apart from Kuwait airways, all the other companies illustrates that effective branding is important for the company to enhance more customer attraction important for marketing. Kuwait has a low customer traffic profile due to poor branding (Tan, et al, 2015). Marketing mix to enhance customers loyalty. This refers to the activities involved from production of a product or rather a service until it reaches the consumer. It involves the 4ps of marketing that includes product, price, place and promotion. Case study on Kuwait and Jazeera illustrates that only the satisfied customers that go back for another service. Effective products and services at valuable prices that are always available for the consumer when need arises enhances positive marketing mix. Jazeera has relatively higher profile on marketing mix than Kuwait thus customers remain loyal to Jazeera. Hijab and Alibaba has set efficient marketing mix strategies to ensure that the services offered to their customers are of high quality that matches its value and are available at any time its required by the customer. The three articles enhance efficient and effective marketing mix process to enhancing customers loyalty. Kuwait has a big gap to feel in its marketing mix activities to enhancing customers loyalty (Wahab, et al, 2016). Competition. Technical advancement in business marketing has enhanced high level of competition between different business entities. Technology enhances creation of a good website important for passing information from the company to the consumers. Kuwait is facing competition from Jazeera a local airline company as a result of technical application in its activities. Though both offer similar services, the customers cannot overlook the aspect of technology, Jazeera has a better taste of technology application thus an increased marketing output. Hijab as a fashion dominated company has various competitors but beats them by enhancing aspect of technology. Alibabas main competitors are E-bay, to stand out, Alibaba uses technology to give improved packages of their services (Schepp and Schepp, 2009). Technology is the key driver of competition in marketing as observed from the three articles. Application of the evaluation on Omani Market (Omani Air and Salam Air) Omanis marketing economy incorporates both Omani Air and Salam Air as its very open. Online marketing is very important to enhance the level of growth of the market both locally and internationally. Omani Air being the most trusted airline provider services in the region, has developed and expanded the level of its service delivery. Example, in the tourism industry strategies set are aimed at improving Omani market to an international level for visitors from all backgrounds in the world to a common destination across the Sultanate of Omani and for the local travelers Salam air has services to various local destinations and also to the neighboring countries (Henderson ,2015). The set online portfolio by the tourism sector enhances its activities by providing a wide range of relating information from the government set programs that illustrates the market as the most productive and viable for willing customers (Omet and Mashharawe, 2002). As a growing airline service provider in Omani, Salam has ensured that online services are clearly developed with a platform to communicate with their esteemed customers. Competition is a healthy factor of marketing at Omani marketing structure. Both Omani and Salam Air have enhanced the aspect of originality while providing services to their customers. Being managed by local companies with direct links with Omani government, the two Airlines have been able to maintain and differentiate the taste of cultural aspect and that of the visitors in to the country. This is very important to enhance the real experience of both the visitors and the locals who have aims of using the two Airlines. Omani Air with the support of the tourism industry has incorporated the latest set of technical advancement in expanding the Airlines structure to enable high quality activities for better service delivery Salam Air however, is bet to face and its facing high competition from other airlines in the region as well as Omani Air being of the low technical enhancement in its activities to service delivery (Alsumairi and Tsui, 2017). Consumer Relations Management in Omani market is enhanced through e-marketing, using a specific set portal for that particular sector. Both Omani and Salam Air have well developed online portals that set a specific platform for consumers to engage with the companies directly. This is important to enhancing direct marketing between the customers and the service providers. Salam has an exciting portal that gives easy booking guidelines to the customers unlike Omani which has been in existence for a longer time. Customers using both Airlines have the advantage of enjoying catering services while on board at affordable prices (Al Ani and Al Amri, 2015). Branding for Omani and Salam Air differ in that, Omani has used organized marketing exhibitions planned by the tourism sector while Salam has used the online platform to attract more customers. Clear graphic and design structures have been used by Salam importantly to attract customers who are satisfied by the way they offer their services. On the other hand, Omani has used open marketing exhibitions campaigns as a way of convincing their customers. Example, the marketing campaign organized by Omani Air together with tourism ministry in the UK in the year 2008 (Baldwin and Scott, 2013). Recommendations Omani Air should apply online technical advancement services to enhance its marketing activities. That is, enhance graphics and design in developing its website portal to create an attractive customer relations site. Salam Air should develop baggage carrier services that fits the needs of the customers. More than 7kgs free baggage carrier to attract more customers. Salam should also enhance cargo carrier services within the planes that carry the owners to enhance trust and also because of delays that may occur. Conclusion The main determinant of effective business marketing is communication between the consumer and the marketer. Information gives knowledge about the existing service and the means by which the consumer can acquire the product or rather the service. The various marketing aspects discussed above enhances an understanding on the crucial need for all marketers to set viable marketing structure that gives the consumers a feeling of ownership. Marketers should not only be concerned about making huge profits but also the feelings of the consumer. The study has also illustrated that technology is the main gear to healthy competition in marketing and also to effective branding. For effective online marketing application programming interface is relevant and should be enhanced. References Alsumairi, M. and Tsui, K.W.H., 2017. A case study: The impact of low-cost carriers on inbound tourism of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Air Transport Management, 62, pp.129-145. Al Ani, M.K. and Al Amri, M.S., 2015. The determinants of capital structure: an empirical study of Omani listed industrial companies. Business: Theory and Practice/Verslas: Teorija ir Praktika, 16(2), pp.159-167. Al-Fadly, A., 2016. Development and Implementation of E-Business Strategies Managed and Applied by Kuwait Airways. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(9), p.41. Baldwin, W. and Scott, J., 2013. Market structure and technological change (Vol. 18). Taylor Francis. Dibb, S., Simkin, L., Pride, W.M. and Ferrell, O.C., 2005. Marketing: Concepts and strategies (p. 850). Houghton Mifflin. Henderson, J.C., 2015. The development of tourist destinations in the Gulf: Oman and Qatar compared. Tourism Planning Development, 12(3), pp.350-361. Lee, N.R. and Kotler, P., 2015. Social marketing: Changing behaviors for good. Sage Publications. Li, M, Yazdanifard, R 2014, 'The Review of Alibaba's Online Business Marketing Strategies Which Navigate them to Present Success', Global Journal Of Management Business Research, 14, 7, p. 33, Complementary Index, EBSCOhost, viewed 8 October 2017. Omet, G. and Mashharawe, F., 2002. The capital structure choice in tax contrasting environments: evidence from the Jordanian, Kuwaiti, Omani and Saudi corporate sectors. In The Economic Research Form 10* Annual Conference. Peterson, KM 2016, 'Beyond Fashion Tips and Hijab Tutorials: The Aesthetic Style of Islamic Lifestyle Videos', Film Criticism, 40, 2, pp. 1-19, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 8 October 2017. Schepp, B. and Schepp, D., 2009. The official Alibaba. com success guide: insider tips and strategies for sourcing products from the world's largest B2B marketplace. John Wiley Sons. Suryana, L, Mayangsari, L, Novani, S 2017, 'a virtual co-creation model of the hijab fashion industry in Indonesia', International Journal Of Business Society, 18, pp. 409-424, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 8 October 2017. Tan, B, Pan, S, Xianghua, L, Lihua, H 2015, 'The Role of IS Capabilities in the Development of Multi-Sided Platforms: The Digital Ecosystem Strategy of Alibaba.com', Journal Of The Association For Information Systems, 16, 4, pp. 248-280, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 8 October 2017. Wahab, N.A., Hassan, L.F.A., Shahid, S.A.M. and Maon, S.N., 2016. The Relationship between Marketing Mix and Customer Loyalty In Hijab Industry: The Mediating Effect Of Customer Satisfaction. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, pp.366-371.